福克纳简介？求：意识流作品及代表人物简介

本文目录

• 福克纳简介
• 求：意识流作品及代表人物简介
• 八月之光的作者简介
• 长篇小说《喧嚣与骚动》的作者简介是什么
• 谁可以提供一下William Faulkner的作者简介
• 威廉 福克纳英文简介 字数大概是三页的word文档~急~~

福克纳简介

职业：作家、诺贝尔文学奖获得者

为什么出名：他以《喧哗与骚动》、《1954年的寓言》和1962年的最后一部小说《德意志人》等作品闻名，并因此获得普利策小说奖。

出生于1897年9月25日出生地：新奥尔巴尼，美国密西西比州星号：Libra

逝世：1962年7月6日（64岁）

求：意识流作品及代表人物简介

意识流文学泛指注重描绘人物意识流动状态的文学作品，既包括清醒的意识，更包括无意识、梦幻意识和语言前意识。“意识流”一词是心理学词汇，是在1918年梅·辛克莱评论英国陶罗赛·瑞恰生的小说《旅程》时引入文学界的。意识流文学是现代主义文学的重要分支，主要成就局限在小说领域，在戏剧、诗歌中也有表现。目录1 概述2 理论主张3 艺术技巧3.1 内心独白3.2 内心分析3.3 时间和空间蒙太奇3.4 诗化和音乐化4 代表作家4.1 普鲁斯特4.2 乔伊斯4.3 伍尔芙4.4 福克纳概述“意识流”原是西方心理学上的术语，最初见于美国心理学家威廉·詹姆斯的论文《论内省心理学所忽略的几个问题》。他认为人类的意识活动是一种连续不断的流程。意识并不是片断的衔接，而是流动的。这是“意识流”这一概念在心理学上第一次被正式提出。20世纪初，法国哲学家亨利·柏格森的“绵延论”强调生命冲动的连绵性、多变性。他的关于“心理时间”与“空间时间”的区分、关于直觉的重要性以及奥地利精神分析学家弗洛伊德的无意识结构和梦与艺术关系的理论，都对意识流文学的发展有过重大影响。学术界一般认为意识流是象征主义文学在小说领域的体现。但是由于其技巧独特、成就很高，因此通常把意识流文学当成一个独立的文学流派来处理。理论主张詹姆斯·乔伊斯意识流小说家主张让人物主观感受到的“真实”客观地、自发地再现于纸面上，反对传统小说出面介绍人物的身世籍贯、外界环境、间或挺身而出评头论足的写法，要求作者“退出小说”。这个主张最初是由美国作家亨利·詹姆斯提出的，后来艾略特的“非人格化”理论也表达了类似的主张。意识流文学的代表人物詹姆斯·乔伊斯就把消灭了作者人格的戏剧看作最高的美学形式，并力图在小说中达到这一目标。乔伊斯认为作品是与外界事物绝缘的独立自足的有机结构。作为现成的艺术品，它不仅与社会、历史无关，甚至与作者本人也无关。因为社会历史因素和作者的思想感情只是创作的素材，它们进入作品以后就被“艺术化”、“形式化”了，早已不是原来的模样。艺术技巧内心独白在假定没有其他人倾听的情况下，一个人物把自己的所感所思毫无顾忌的直接表露出来，就是“内心独白”。这是意识流文学最常用的技巧。如乔伊斯《尤利西斯》中就有大量独白。其特点是在独白中完全看不到作者的行迹，纯粹是小说中人物自己的真实意识流露。这种内心独白被成为“直接内心独白”。此外，还有一种“间接内心独白”，虽然也是描写人物的内心活动，但是作者不时出来指点和解释。这种内心独白所展现的意识活动通常属于较浅的层次，比较连贯和合乎逻辑，语言形式也比“直接内心独白”正常。内心分析所谓“内心分析”，是指小说中的叙事人或人物很理智的对自己的思想和感受进行分析追索，并且是在并无旁人倾听的情况下进行的。它与“内心独白”的区别在于它以理性为指引作出合乎逻辑的有条理的推理或说明，而非任意识自然流动。普鲁斯特的《寻找失去的时间》（一译《追忆逝水年华》）中就大量运用这种手法。英美有些研究者断然否认普鲁斯特是意识流小说家，主要就是因为他的“内心独白”只是受到理性控制的“内心分析”，而不是意识彻底的自然流动。时间和空间蒙太奇蒙太奇是电影中用来表现事物多重性的一系列手法，如“多视角”、“慢镜头”、“特写镜头”、“闪回”等等。意识流小说家为了突破时空的限制，表现意识流动的多变性、复杂性，经常采用这类手法。对这一手法采用最多的意识流作家包括弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙和威廉·福克纳。诗化和音乐化意识流小说家为了加强象征性的效果，有时采用诗歌和音乐的手段。他们广泛运用意象比喻、乐章结构、节奏韵律、标点符号甚至离奇的拼写方式来暗示人物在某一瞬间的感受、印象、精神状态或作品寓意。伍尔芙的《海浪》的语言就和意象派诗歌非常相似。乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》第十一章“海妖”则运用了巴哈赋格曲的结构。代表作家普鲁斯**赛尔·普鲁斯**赛尔·普鲁斯特（1871-1922）出身于法国富裕的资产阶级家庭，父亲是医学教授，母亲则是犹太经纪人的女儿。普鲁斯特自幼患有哮喘病，1906年后只能闭门写作。其成名作《寻找失去的时间》（传统译法《追忆逝水年华》）就以回忆的方式把早年的生活阅历加以追叙和分析。普鲁斯特在巴黎大学求学期间结识哲学家亨利·柏格森，柏格森的思想对普鲁斯特的创作产生了深远的影响。普鲁斯特的代表作是《寻找失去的时间》。这部小说长达三千余页，约二百万字，共分七部分。在小说中，主人公以第一人称方式追叙青少年时代的生活经历，涉及自己家亲友、法国贵族阶级和新兴资产者、艺术家等一大批人以及许多人的恋爱史。全书并没有贯串始终的故事情节，与传统的心理小说截然不同。普鲁斯特是意识流文学的先驱。乔伊斯詹姆斯·乔伊斯（1882－1941）生于爱尔兰的都柏林，大学毕业后到巴黎、苏黎世等地过流亡生涯。1920年－1939年期间定居法国。其早期的作品《都柏林人》和《一个青年艺术家的画像》仍属于现实主义范畴，而出版于1922年的《尤利西斯》则成为英语意识流文学的奠基之作。小说主要写三个都柏林市民在1904年6月16日早晨八点到夜间两点四十五分将近19个小时内的活动和思想。书名《尤利西斯》是荷马史诗《奥德赛》的拉丁名。《尤利西斯》最大的成就是在意识流小说技巧的全面推进和高度发展。一切意识流文学的艺术技巧在这部小说中都得到了很好的体现。在语言上，西方评论界认为《尤利西斯》是对20世纪英语语言做出了重大贡献的两部小说之一，另一部是美国作家纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》。乔伊斯的另外一部作品《芬尼根的苏醒》则将意识流小说的风格推向极致。全书用65种语言组合写成，极其晦涩难懂。乔伊斯是意识流作家中成就最高者，代表了这一文学流派的颠峰。伍尔芙弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙（1882－1941）是意识流作家中成就最高的女性。她是英国著名学者莱斯利·斯蒂芬爵士的女儿。其代表作品包括《达洛维夫人》、《海浪》和《到灯塔去》。伍尔芙与其他男性意识流作家不同之处在于，她的小说往往富有诗意，在语言上更像诗体散文，富有唯美主义的情调。但其小说内容的晦涩难懂却和其他意识流作家的作品别无二致。例如，在其代表作《海浪》中，作者没有设计贯串全文的主要情节，而是时刻强调“瞬间”感觉的重要性，认为生命的本质在于感觉。小说具有显著的存在主义色彩。伍尔芙对现代主义文学的发展持悲观态度，认为这个时代的文学中没有大师，只有试验者。现代派小说不过是两个高峰之间的峡谷而已。1941年，伍尔芙在伦敦投河自尽。艾略特认为伍尔芙是当时英国文学的中心，是一种文明模式的代表。她的逝世意味着一个时代的结束。福克纳威廉·福克纳（1897－1962）是美国意识流文学的代表。他出身于美国南方一个没落的庄园主家庭。在所有意识流作家中，福克纳以描写错乱意识著称。他的著名代表作是一系列称为“约克纳帕塔法世系”的小说，包括15个长篇和几十个短篇。《喧哗与骚动》是福克纳最优秀的意识流作品。书名取自莎士比亚名剧《麦克白》的著名台词。小说描写南方庄园主康普生一家的没落，由四个主要人物的心理活动组成。其中对白痴班吉的意识流的描写最为出色。此外，福克纳的著名意识流小说还包括《我弥留之际》。福克纳并不是纯粹的意识流作家。他的大部分小说创作仍隶属于现实主义范畴。1949年，福克纳获得诺贝尔文学奖。

八月之光的作者简介

威廉·福克纳（Willian Faulkner 1897～1962），美国小说家。他出生于没落地主家庭，第一次世界大战时在加拿大空军中服役，战后曾在大学肄业一年，1925年后专门从事创作。他被西方文学界视作“现代的经典作家”，共写了19部长篇小说和70多篇短篇小说。其中绝大多数故事发生在虚构的约克纳帕塔法县，被称为“约克纳帕塔法世系”。这部世系主要写该县及杰弗生镇不同社会阶层的若干家庭几代人的故事。时间从独立战争前到第二次世界大战以后，出场人物有600多人，其中主要人物在他的不同作品中交替出现，实为一部多卷体的美国南方社会变迁的历史。其最著名的作品有描写杰弗生镇望族康普生家庭的没落及成员的精神状态和生活遭遇的《喧哗与骚动》（又译《声音与疯狂》1929）；写安斯·本德仑偕儿子运送妻子灵柩回杰弗生安葬途中经历种种磨难的《我弥留之际》（1930）；写孤儿裘·克里斯默斯在宗教和种族偏见的播弄、虐待下悲惨死去的《八月之光》（1932）；写一个有罪孽的庄园主萨德本及其子女和庄园的毁灭性结局的《押沙龙，押沙龙！》（1936）；写新兴资产阶级弗莱姆·斯诺普斯的冷酷无情及其必然结局的《斯诺普斯三部曲》（《村子》1940，《小镇》1957，《大宅》1959）等。福克纳1949年获诺贝尔文学奖。

长篇小说《喧嚣与骚动》的作者简介是什么

篇小说《喧嚣与骚动》的作者是威廉·福克纳（WilliamFaulkner，1897.9.25—1962.7.6），作家，美国文学史上最具影响力作家之一，意识流文学在美国的代表人物。1949年获诺贝尔文学奖，1955年、1963年获普利策小说奖。

谁可以提供一下William Faulkner的作者简介

　　你要中文的版本还是英文的？　　先提供中文的：　　不管在什么地方，只要谈到美国文学，人们都认为威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)是二十世纪最伟大的作家之一。他是美国“南方文学”派的创始人，也是整个西方最有影响的现代派小说家之一。他的代表作品有《喧哗与骚动》、《八月之光》等等。　　福克纳（1897～1962）Faulkner，William　　美国作家。1897年9 月25日生于密西西比一庄园主后裔家庭，1962年7月6日卒于密西西比贝克斯福。　　福克纳从小生长在美国南方，年轻时曾在当地邮政局做过一阵不太负责任的局长，后因****而被辞退。他游历过许多地方，但最终依然回到美国南方，并且所有的作品都以南方为背景。1949年，因为“他对当代美国小说作出了强有力的和艺术上无与伦比的贡献”，福克纳获诺贝尔文学奖。　　生平　　第一次世界大战时他在加拿大空军学校学飞行，战后在密西西比大学肄业。1925年出版第一部小说《士兵的报酬》，写参加第一次世界大战的青年的痛苦与幻灭感。后去欧洲游历，回到家乡后靠干各种杂活为生。1929年出版的《沙多里斯》是以自己虚构的约克纳帕塔法县为背景的小说。30年代初，福克纳的几部代表作已经出版，在美国文学界受到一些作家与批评家的高度推崇，但是除了《圣殿》之外，他的书销路都很差。为了维持生活，他不得不去好莱坞为电影公司写电影脚本。　　1946年马尔科姆·考利的《袖珍本福克纳文集》出版并附有考利所写长序，这使人们开始认识福克纳是个兼有深度、广度、历史感、乡土气与现代意识的大作家。以萨特、加缪为代表的法国文学界对福克纳的高度评价引起了诺贝尔文学奖评委们对这个蛰居美国边远南方的作家的注意，福克纳在1950年获得了1949年度的诺贝尔文学奖。此后，他多次接受美国国务院的委派，出访日本、瑞典、委内瑞拉等国。1962年6 月福克纳在家乡骑马坠下受伤，7月6日因心脏病发作而卒。　　英文：　　William Faulkner (1897-1962), American novelist, known for his epic portrayal, in some 20 novels, of the tragic conflict between the old and the new South. Although Faulkner’s intricate plots and complex narrative style alienated many readers of his early writings, he was a literary genius whose powerful works and creative vision earned him the 1949 Nobel Prize in literature.　　Faulkner was a towering figure in American literature during the first half of the 20th century. With Ernest Hemingway, he is usually c***idered one of the two greatest American novelists of his era. Faulkner was particularly noted for the eloquent richness of his prose style and for the unique blend of tragedy and humor in his works. His novels have a stunning emotional impact and his characters are highly memorable. The dramatic force and vividness of Faulkner’s best work is unsurpassed in modern fiction.　　Using the decay and corruption of the South after the American Civil War (1861-1865) as a background, Faulkner portrayed the tragedy that occurs when the traditional values of a society disintegrate. Some of his chief concerns were the nature of evil and guilt and the relati***hip between the past and the present. Despite his preoccupation with depravity and violence, however, Faulkner also wrote of people’s capacity to perform acts of nobility and goodness.　　Among Faulkner’s most remarkable short stories is “A Rose for Emily” (1931), which contains elements of the author’s common theme of the decline of the old South. Go Down, Moses, a volume of stories about the McCaslin family, includes the author’s well-known novella “The Bear.” Another story that would later be anthologized as a Faulkner classic is “That Evening Sun” (1931), which also features the Compson family.　　"A Rose for Emily" recounts the story of an eccentric spinster, Emily Grierson. An unnamed narrator details the strange circumstances of Emily’s life and her odd relati***hips with her father, who controlled and manipulated her, and her lover, the Yankee road worker Homer Barron. When Homer Barron threatens to leave her, she is seen buying arsenic, which the townspeople believe she will commit ******* with. After this, Homer Barron is not heard from again, and is assumed to have returned north. Though she does not commit *******, the townspeople of Jefferson continue to gossip about her and her eccentricities, citing her family’s history of mental illness. She is heard from less and less, and rarely ever leaves her home. Unbeknownst to the townspeople until her death, in her upstairs room she hides all day with the corpse of Homer Barron, which explains the horrid stench that emits from Miss Emily’s house.　　The story’s complexities have inspired critics while casual readers found the work one of Faulkner’s most accessible (and shortest) works. The popularity of the story was due in no **all part to its gruesome ending.　　The story explores many themes, including the society of the South at that time, the role of women in the South, and extreme psychosis.

威廉 福克纳英文简介 字数大概是三页的word文档~急~~

William Cuthbert Faulkner (September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was an American writer of novels, short stories, poetry and occasional screenplays.The majority of his works are based in his native state of Mississippi. Faulkner is c***idered one of the most important writers of the Southern literature of the United States, along with Mark Twain, Robert Penn Warren, Flannery O’Connor, Truman Capote, Eudora Welty, Thomas Wolfe, Harper Lee and Tennessee Williams. Though his work was published as early as 1919, and largely during the 1920s and 1930s, Faulkner was relatively unknown until receiving the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature.Born William Cuthbert Falkner in New Albany, Mississippi, the first of four s*** to Murry Cuthbert Faulkner (August 17, 1870 – August 7, 1932) and Maud Butler (November 27, 1871 – October 19, 1960). He had three younger brothers: Murry Charles "Jack" Faulkner (June 26, 1899 – December 24, 1975), author John Faulkner (September 24, 1901 – March 28, 1963) and Dean Swift Faulkner (August 15, 1907 – November 10, 1935).Faulkner was raised in and heavily influenced by the state of Mississippi, as well as by the history and culture of the American South altogether. Only four days prior to his fifth birthday, the Faulkner family settled in Oxford, Mississippi on September 21, 1902, where he resided on and off for the remainder of his life.Faulkner in early childhood dem***trated an aptitude for painting in oils and for writing verse, but grew increasingly disillusioned with any and all artistic pursuits in the sixth grade. He instead directed his attention to literature, and later stated that he modeled his early writing on the Romantic era in late 18th century and early 19th century in England. He attended the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) in Oxford, and was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon social fraternity. He enrolled at Ole Miss in 1919, and attended three semesters before dropping out in November 1920.The younger Faulkner was greatly influenced by the history of his family and the region in which he lived. Mississippi marked his sense of humor, his sense of the tragic position of Black and White Americans, his characterization of Southern characters, and his timeless themes, including fiercely intelligent people dwelling behind the façades of good old boys and ******t***. Unable to join the United States Army due to his height (he was 5’ 5½"), Faulkner enlisted in the British Royal Flying Corps, later training at RFC bases in Canada and Britain, yet never experienced wartime action during the First World War.In 1918, upon enlisting in the RFC, Faulkner himself made the change to his surname. However, according to one story, a careless typesetter simply made an error. When the misprint appeared on the title page of his first book, Faulkner was asked whether he wanted a change. He supposedly replied, "Either way suits me." Although Faulkner is heavily identified with Mississippi, he was residing in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1925 when he wrote his first novel, Soldiers’ Pay,after being directly influenced by Sherwood Anderson to attempt fiction writing. The miniature house at 624 Pirate’s Alley, just around the corner from St. Louis Cathedral in New Orleans is now the premises of Faulkner House Books, where it also serves as the headquarters of the Pirate’s Alley Faulkner Society.Faulkner served as Writer-in-Residence at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville from February to June 1957. He suffered serious injuries in a horse-riding accident in 1959, and died due to a myocardial infarction at age 64 at approximately 1:32 am on July 6, 1962, at Wright’s Sanitorium in Byhalia, Mississippi. He is buried along with his family in St. Peter’s Cemetery in Oxford, along with a family friend with the mysterious initials E.T.From the early 1920s to the outbreak of World War II, when Faulkner left for California, he published 13 novels and numerous short stories. This body of work formed the basis of his reputation and led to him being awarded the Nobel Prize at age 52. This prodigious output, mainly driven by an obscure writer’s need for money, includes his most celebrated novels such as The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930), Light in August (1932), and Absalom, Absalom! (1936). Faulkner was also a prolific writer of short stories. His first short story collection, These 13 (1931), includes many of his most acclaimed (and most frequently anthologized) stories, including "A Rose for Emily", "Red Leaves", "That Evening Sun", and "Dry September".Faulkner set many of his short stories and novels in Yoknapatawpha County Three novels, The Hamlet, The Town and The Mansion, known collectively as the Snopes Trilogy, document the town of Jefferson and its envir*** as an extended family headed by Flem Snopes insinuates itself into the lives and psyches of the general populace. It is a stage wherein rapaciousness and decay come to the fore in a world where such realities were always present, but never so compartmentalized and well defined; their sources never so easily identifiable.Additional works include Sanctuary (1931), a sensationalist "pulp fiction"-styled novel, characterized by André Malraux as "the intrusion of Greek tragedy into the detective story." Its themes of evil and corruption, bearing Southern Gothic tones, resonate to this day. Requiem for a Nun (1951), a play/novel sequel to Sanctuary, is the only play that Faulkner published, except for his The Marionettes, which he essentially self-published—in a few hand-written copies—as a young man.Faulkner is known for an experimental style with meticulous attention to diction and cadence. In contrast to the minimalist understatement of his contemporary Ernest Hemingway, Faulkner made frequent use of "stream of c***ciousness" in his writing, and wrote often highly emotional, subtle, cerebral, complex, and sometimes Gothic or grotesque stories of a wide variety of characters including former slaves or descendants of slaves, poor white, agrarian, or working-class Southerners, and Southern aristocrats.In an interview with The Paris Review in 1956, Faulkner remarked, "Let the writer take up surgery or bricklaying if he is interested in technique. There is no mechanical way to get the writing done, no shortcut. The young writer would be a fool to follow a theory. Teach yourself by your own mistakes; people learn only by error. The good artist believes that nobody is good enough to give him advice. He has supreme vanity. No matter how much he admires the old writer, he wants to beat him." Another esteemed Southern writer, Flannery O’Connor, stated that "the presence alone of Faulkner in our midst makes a great difference in what the writer can and cannot permit himself to do. Nobody wants his mule and wagon stalled on the same track the Dixie Limited is roaring down."Faulkner also wrote two volumes of poetry which were published in **all printings, The Marble Faun (1924) and A Green Bough (1933), and a collection of crime-fiction short stories, Knight’s Gambit (1949).Faulkner shows similarities to comparable authors of his time like T. S. Eliot and Ernest Hemingway. Although each author has different styles, they explore similar themes and certain questionable topics of the time. One similarity, for example, is shown between Hemingway’s short story “Hills Like White Elephants” and Faulkner’s novel As I Lay Dying in which they discuss abortion. In Hemingway’s story, the American man is accompanying the girl on a train to Madrid to have an abortion as an unmarried couple, while in Faulkner’s novel Dewey Dell eagerly awaits her mother’s death so that she can get into town and purchase medicine that will abort her illegitimate pregnancy. Faulkner is much like the other daring authors of his time and has greatly contributed to the progression of literature. Faulkner’s writing style contrasts that of Hemingway’s in that Faulkner uses rather long and complex sentence structure with descriptive diction, while Hemingway uses short ****** sentences with ****** language. Each achieves an individual feel, Faulkner achieves a more poetic feel than Hemingway, but Hemingway’s minimalist approach prevents flowery language from getting in the way of meaning. Faulkner received the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature for "his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel." Though he won the Nobel prize for 1949, it was not awarded until the 1950 awards banquet, when Faulkner was awarded the 1949 prize and Bertrand Russell the 1950 prize. Although this was a great honor, Faulkner completely hated all of the fame and glory that resulted from his recognition. He hated it so much that he did not even tell his 17-year-old daughter about it. She only heard of her father’s honor when she was called to the principal’s office during the school day. He donated a portion of his Nobel winnings "to establish a fund to support and encourage new fiction writers", eventually resulting in the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. He donated another portion to a local Oxford bank to establish an account to provide scholarship funds to help educate African-American education majors at nearby Rust College in Holly Springs, Mississippi. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for what are c***idered as his "minor" novels: his 1954 novel A Fable, which took the Pulitzer in 1955, and the 1962 novel, The Reivers, which was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer in 1963. He also won two National Book Awards, first for his Collected Stories in 1951 and once again for his novel A Fable in 1955. And in 1946, Faulkner was one of three finalists for the first Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine Award. He came in second to Manly Wade Wellman. On August 3, 1987, the United States Postal Service issued a 22-cent postage stamp in his honor.