奥斯曼帝国国歌（有冇土耳其国歌呀）

本文目录

• 有冇土耳其国歌呀
• 巴尔干半岛西南国家
• 希腊的国歌是什么要歌词！！
• 为什么现在俄罗斯联邦采用的是沙皇俄国时期的国旗国徽国歌

有冇土耳其国歌呀

The "Istiklal Marsi" was officially adopted as 土耳其的国歌 on March 12 1921土耳其国歌(介绍+音乐) 英文网页(需中文翻译)turkishclass/turkey_article_6_1 或首页搜寻"Istiklal Marsi"，选择第一个搜寻项目，直接按中文翻译 历史 请参见：土耳其历史 现代土耳其人原为塞尔柱突厥人的一个分支，11世纪左右由中亚一带迁入小亚细亚，1299年，奥斯曼帝国建立，1453年，攻陷君士坦丁堡，灭东罗马帝国，16世纪达到鼎盛，统治区域地跨欧、亚、非三大洲，17世纪开始衰落。19世纪末，德国积极向奥斯曼帝国扩张，加剧了德国与英俄在中东的争夺。1914年在第一次世界大战中加入同盟国作战，1918年战败。根据《凡尔赛和约》，土耳其丧失了大片领土。1919年凯末尔发动民族解放战争，1923年10月29日成立土耳其共和国。 教育 土耳其提供6-14岁的义务教育，总共有大约820所包括大学在内的各类教育机构，学生总数大约为一百万。15所主要的国立大学位于伊斯坦堡和安卡拉。非义务教育主要由土耳其高等教育委员会负责，并由 *** 资助。从1998年开始大学被赋予更多的自治权，并积极和当地的商业机构合作以提高大学的基金。 土耳其总共有大约85所大学，主要分为国立和私立基金。国立大学收取非常低的学费，而私人基金建立的大学则收取较高的学费，甚至有超过15000美金的学校。所有大学的容量大概为30万学生，而每年的联考人数有一百万左右。土耳其的大学资源配置并不相同，有的大学足以排名世界名校位置，而有的大学甚至缺乏最基本的教育设施和资源，无论如何，土耳其的大学生都是国家中少数的幸运儿。大学生接受2年-4年的学士教育，硕士则大多为2年。 土耳其的科技研究中心集中在基本科学研究，总数为64所科研中心和组织。科研成果集中在农业，林业，医疗，生物科技，核科技，矿业，IT业及国防。 （翻译参阅：en. *** /wiki/Turkey EDUCATION) 国家格言: 国家全称 土耳其共和国 官方语言 土耳其语 首都 安卡拉 总统 阿赫迈特·内吉代特·塞泽尔 总理 雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安 面积 - 总面积 - 水域面积百分比 位于第36位 780576 km² 1.3％ 人口 - 总人口 （2003年） - 人口密度 位于第17位 68 109 469 86.2/km² - 宣布日 - 获承认日 (事件 Xxxx) 1923年10月29日 (年) 货币 新土耳其里拉(始于2005年1月) 时区 UTC+2 国歌 进行曲 国际域名缩写 .tr 长途电话代码 90 国花 郁金香 一起玩 *** 网路商城，提供成人 *** 、情趣内衣等，全省宅配到府、超商付款包装隐密，欢迎参观选购。 一起玩 *** 官网：17one 一起玩 *** 粉丝团：facebook/17one 土耳其国歌 *** /watch?v=pJzUurSh3UY ebaomonthly/window/travel/turkey/turkey_c-----》土耳其国歌 参考: ebaomonthly/window/travel/turkey/turkey_c

巴尔干半岛西南国家

欧洲巴尔干半岛西南国家是阿尔巴尼亚共和国阿尔巴尼亚百科 阿尔巴尼亚共和国位於欧洲东南部，巴尔干半岛西南部。西濒亚得里亚海和奥特朗托海峡，东临马其顿及塞黑，南面则与希腊接壤。历史 阿尔巴尼亚曾经是希腊殖民地，之后在公元前2世纪成为罗马帝国的一部分。公元4世纪末前后被东罗马帝国和斯拉夫人占领。1478年起受奥斯曼帝国统治。 1912年第一次巴尔干战争后，阿尔巴尼亚宣布独立，但是国家依然动荡不安。第一次世界大战中被奥匈、意、法军占领。二次世界大战中则被义大利占领。由恩维尔·霍查领导的共产党人参与了抵抗运动，并在1944年获得解放后取得政权。 1991年，也就是霍查死后6年，阿尔巴尼亚进行了民主化改革，但是国家的经济问题依然严峻，而有组织犯罪、科索沃难民等也是严重的问题。政治 总统是国家元首，由“Kuvendi Popullor”，也就是人民议会选举产生。议会的155名主要成员由阿尔巴尼亚人民选举产生，任期5年。总统有权利任命部长。 阿尔巴尼亚被划分为36个区域，或叫做“rrethe”。首都地拉那则享有特殊地位。这些区域是： Berat，Bulqize，Delvine，Devoll，Diber，Durres，Elbasan，Fier，Gjirokaster，Gramsh，Has，Kavaje，Kolonje，Korce，Kruje，Kucove，Kukes，Kurbin，Lezhe，Librazhd，Lushnje，Malesie， Madhe，Mallakaster，Mat，Mirdite，Peqin，Permet，Pogradec，Puke，Sarande，Shkoder，Skrapar，Tepelene，Tirane，Tropoje，Vlore 地理 阿尔巴尼亚全境四分之三的地区是山地和丘陵，最高峰达2,753米。大部地区属於大陆性气候，冬冷夏暖。 除了首都地拉那，其它主要城市包括了Durres、Elbasan、Shkoder、Vlore和Korce。 经济 阿尔巴尼亚是欧洲最贫穷的国家，全国一半的人口依然从事农业种植，五分之一的人口在国外工作。国家面临的严重经济问题包括了高失业率、政府**的腐败问题以及有组织犯罪。 阿尔巴尼亚接受外国的经济援助，主要援助国有希腊和义大利。 出口较少，进口主要来自希腊和义大利。进口货品的资金主要来自於经济援助和在国外工作的难民所带回来的收入。希腊政府也通过非正式地向阿尔巴尼亚公民贩卖希腊签证，阿尔巴尼亚公民没有自由出入境的权利。正因为如此两国在阿尔巴尼亚的主要城市都设有签证机构，并在 人口 主要人口（97%）是阿尔巴尼亚人，但是有少数希腊裔族群。很多当地的阿尔巴尼亚人也居住在科索沃边境。官方语言是阿尔巴尼亚语，但是在一些地区希腊语也通用。 自从奥斯曼帝国的入侵起，大多数阿尔巴尼亚人是***，尽管在共产党控制期间宗教并不自由。阿尔巴尼亚的其它主要宗教包括了东正教和天主教。 文化 阿尔巴尼亚最著名的作家是Fan Noli (参见阿尔巴尼亚诗人). 阿尔巴尼亚革命电影曾经对中国大陆人民有过一定影响。著名电影如《海岸风雷》，《宁死不屈》等影响了整整一代人。 官方语言 阿尔巴尼亚语 首都 地拉那Tirane 总统 Alfred Moisiu 面积 - 总面积 - 水域百分比 排名140位 28,748 km² 4.7% 人口 - 总人口 (2000年) - 人口密度 排名126位 3,510,484 122/km² 独立 - 独立日 自奥斯曼帝国 1912年 11月28日 货币 列克 时区 UTC +2 国歌 Hymni i Flamurit 国际功能变数名称缩写 .AL 长途电话代码 355

希腊的国歌是什么要歌词！！

希膜国歌《自由颂》,是在十九世纪二十年代希腊人民反对土耳其奥斯曼帝国统治的民族解放战争中产生的。自由颂by Percy Bysshe Shelley Yet, Freedom, yet, thy banner, torn but flying, Streams like a thunder-storm against the wind.—BYRON. 1. A glorious people vibrated again The lightning of the nati***: Liberty From heart to heart, from tower to tower, o’er Spain, Scattering contagious fire into the sky, Gleamed. My soul spurned the chains of its di**ay, And in the rapid plumes of song Clothed itself, sublime and strong; As a young eagle soars the morning clouds among, Hovering inverse o’er its accustomed prey; Till from its station in the Heaven of fame The Spirit’s whirlwind rapped it, and the ray Of the remotest sphere of living flame Which paves the void was from behind it flung, As foam from a ship’s swiftness, when there came A voice out of the deep: I will record the same. 2. The Sun and the serenest Moon sprang forth: The burning stars of the abyss were hurled Into the depths of Heaven. The daedal earth, That island in the ocean of the world, Hung in its cloud of all-sustaining air: But this divinest universe Was yet a chaos and a curse, For thou wert not: but, power from worst producing worse, The spirit of the beasts was kindled there, And of the birds, and of the watery forms, And there was war among them, and despair Within them, raging without truce or terms: The bosom of their violated nurse Groaned, for beasts warred on beasts, and worms on worms, And men on men; each heart was as a hell of storms. 3. Man, the imperial shape, then multiplied His generati*** under the pavilion Of the Sun’s throne: palace and pyramid, Temple and prison, to many a swarming million Were, as to mountain-wolves their ragged caves. This human living multitude Was savage, cunning, blind, and rude, For thou wert not; but o’er the populous solitude, Like one fierce cloud over a waste of waves, Hung Tyranny; beneath, sate deified The sister-pest, congregator of slaves; Into the shadow of her pini*** wide Anarchs and priests, who feed on gold and blood Till with the stain their inmost souls are dyed, Drove the astonished herds of men from every side. 4. The nodding promontories, and blue isles, And cloud-like mountains, and dividuous waves Of Greece, basked glorious in the open **iles Of favouring Heaven: from their enchanted caves Prophetic echoes flung dim melody. On the unapprehensive wild The vine, the corn, the olive mild, Grew savage yet, to human use unreconciled; And, like unfolded flowers beneath the sea, Like the man’s thought dark in the infant’s brain, Like aught that is which wraps what is to be, Art’s deathless dreams lay veiled by many a vein Of Parian stone; and, yet a speechless child, Verse murmured, and Philosophy did strain Her lidless eyes for thee; when o’er the Aegean main 5. Athens arose: a city such as vision Builds from the purple crags and silver towers Of battlemented cloud, as in derision Of kingliest masonry: the ocean-floors Pave it; the evening sky pavili*** it; Its portals are inhabited By thunder-zoned winds, each head Within its cloudy wings with sun-fire garlanded,— A divine work! Athens, diviner yet, Gleamed with its crest of columns, on the will Of man, as on a mount of diamond, set; For thou wert, and thine all-creative skill Peopled, with forms that mock the eternal dead In marble immortality, that hill Which was thine earliest throne and latest oracle. 6. Within the su***ce of Time’s fleeting river Its wrinkled image lies, as then it lay Immovably unquiet, and for ever It trembles, but it cannot pass away! The voices of thy bards and sages thunder With an earth-awakening blast Through the caverns of the past: (Religion veils her eyes; Oppression shrinks aghast:) A winged sound of joy, and love, and wonder, Which soars where Expectation never flew, Rending the veil of space and time asunder! One ocean feeds the clouds, and streams, and dew; One Sun illumines Heaven; one Spirit vast With life and love makes chaos ever new, As Athens doth the world with thy delight renew. 7. Then Rome was, and from thy deep bosom fairest, Like a wolf-cub from a Cadmaean Maenad, She drew the milk of greatness, though thy dearest From that Elysian food was yet unweaned; And many a deed of terrible uprightness By thy sweet love was sanctified; And in thy **ile, and by thy side, Saintly Camillus lived, and firm Atilius died. But when tears stained thy robe of vestal-whiteness, And gold profaned thy Capitolian throne, Thou didst desert, with spirit-winged lightness, The senate of the tyrants: they sunk prone Slaves of one tyrant: Palatinus sighed Faint echoes of Ionian song; that tone Thou didst delay to hear, lamenting to disown 8. From what Hyrcanian glen or frozen hill, Or piny promontory of the Arctic main, Or utmost islet inaccessible, Didst thou lament the ruin of thy reign, Teaching the woods and waves, and desert rocks, And every Naiad’s ice-cold urn, To talk in echoes sad and stern Of that sublimest lore which man had dared unlearn? For neither didst thou watch the wizard flocks Of the Scald’s dreams, nor haunt the Druid’s sleep. What if the tears rained through thy shattered locks Were quickly dried? for thou didst groan, not weep, When from its sea of death, to kill and burn, The Galilean serpent forth did creep, And made thy world an undistinguishable heap. 9. A thousand years the Earth cried, ‘Where art thou?’ And then the shadow of thy coming fell On Saxon Alfred’s olive-cinctured brow: And many a warrior-peopled citadel. Like rocks which fire lifts out of the flat deep, Arose in sacred Italy, Frowning o’er the tempestuous sea Of kings, and priests, and slaves, in tower-crowned majesty; That multitudinous anarchy did sweep And burst around their walls, like idle foam, Whilst from the human spirit’s deepest deep Strange melody with love and awe struck dumb Dissonant arms; and Art, which cannot die, With divine wand traced on our earthly home Fit imagery to pave Heaven’s everlasting dome. 10. Thou huntress swifter than the Moon! thou terror Of the world’s wolves! thou bearer of the quiver, Whose sunlike shafts pierce tempest-winged Error, As light may pierce the clouds when they dissever In the calm regi*** of the orient day! Luther caught thy wakening glance; Like lightning, from his leaden lance Reflected, it dissolved the visi*** of the trance In which, as in a tomb, the nati*** lay; And England’s prophets hailed thee as their queen, In songs whose music cannot pass away, Though it must flow forever: not unseen Before the spirit-sighted countenance Of Milton didst thou pass, from the sad scene Beyond whose night he saw, with a dejected mien. 11. The eager hours and unreluctant years As on a dawn-illumined mountain stood. Trampling to silence their loud hopes and fears, Darkening each other with their multitude, And cried aloud, ‘Liberty!’ Indignation Answered Pity from her cave; Death grew pale within the grave, And Desolation howled to the destroyer, Save! When like Heaven’s Sun girt by the exhalation Of its own glorious light, thou didst arise. Chasing thy foes from nation unto nation Like shadows: as if day had cloven the skies At dreaming midnight o’er the western wave, Men started, staggering with a glad ********, Under the lightnings of thine unfamiliar eyes. 12. Thou Heaven of earth! what spells could pall thee then In ominous eclipse? a thousand years Bred from the slime of deep Oppression’s den. Dyed all thy liquid light with blood and tears. Till thy sweet stars could weep the stain away; How like Bacch****s of blood Round France, the ghastly vintage, stood Destruction’s sceptred slaves, and Folly’s mitred brood! When one, like them, but mightier far than they, The Anarch of thine own bewildered powers, Rose: armies mingled in obscure array, Like clouds with clouds, darkening the sacred bowers Of serene Heaven. He, by the past pursued, Rests with those dead, but unforgotten hours, Whose ghosts scare victor kings in their ancestral towers. 13. England yet sleeps: was she not called of old? Spain calls her now, as with its thrilling thunder Vesuvius wakens Aetna, and the cold Snow-crags by its reply are cloven in sunder: O’er the lit waves every Aeolian isle From Pithecusa to Pelorus Howls, and leaps, and glares in chorus: They cry, ‘Be dim; ye lamps of Heaven suspended o’er us!’ Her chains are threads of gold, she need but **ile And they dissolve; but Spain’s were links of steel, Till bit to dust by virtue’s keenest file. Twins of a single destiny! appeal To the eternal years enthroned before us In the dim West; impress us from a seal, All ye have thought and done! Time cannot dare conceal. 14. Tomb of Arminius! render up thy dead Till, like a standard from a watch-tower’s staff, His soul may stream over the tyrant’s head; Thy victory shall be his epitaph, Wild Bacch**** of truth’s mysterious wine, King-deluded Germany, His dead spirit lives in thee. Why do we fear or hope? thou art already ****! And thou, lost Paradise of this divine And glorious world! thou flowery wilderness! Thou island of eternity! thou shrine Where Desolation, clothed with loveliness, Worships the thing thou wert! O Italy, Gather thy blood into thy heart; repress The beasts who make their dens thy sacred palaces. 15. Oh, that the **** would stamp the impious name Of KING into the dust! or write it there, So that this blot upon the page of fame Were as a serpent’s path, which the light air Erases, and the flat sands close behind! Ye the oracle have heard: Lift the victory-flashing sword. And cut the snaky knots of this foul gordian word, Which, weak itself as stubble, yet can bind Into a mass, irrefragably firm, The axes and the rods which awe mankind; The sound has poison in it, ’tis the sperm Of what makes life foul, cankerous, and abhorred; Disdain not thou, at thine appointed term, To set thine armed heel on this reluctant worm. 16. Oh, that the wise from their bright minds would kindle Such lamps within the dome of this dim world, That the pale name of PRIEST might shrink and dwindle Into the hell from which it first was hurled, A scoff of impious pride from fiends impure; Till human thoughts might kneel alone, Each before the judgement-throne Of its own aweless soul, or of the Power unknown! Oh, that the words which make the thoughts obscure From which they spring, as clouds of glimmering dew From a white lake blot Heaven’s blue portraiture, Were stripped of their thin masks and various hue And frowns and **iles and splendours not their own, Till in the nakedness of false and true They stand before their Lord, each to receive its due! 17. He who taught man to vanquish whatsoever Can be between the cradle and the grave Crowned him the King of Life. Oh, vain endeavour! If on his own high will, a willing slave, He has enthroned the oppression and the oppressor What if earth can clothe and feed Amplest milli*** at their need, And power in thought be as the tree within the seed? Or what if Art, an ardent intercessor, Driving on fiery wings to Nature’s throne, Checks the great mother stooping to caress her, And cries: ‘Give me, thy child, dominion Over all height and depth’? if Life can breed New wants, and wealth from those who toil and groan, Rend of thy ****s and hers a thousandfold for one! 18. Come thou, but lead out of the inmost cave Of man’s deep spirit, as the morning-star Beck*** the Sun from the Eoan wave, Wisdom. I hear the penn*** of her car Self-moving, like cloud charioted by flame; Comes she not, and come ye not, Rulers of eternal thought, To judge, with solemn truth, life’s ill-apportioned lot? Blind Love, and equal Justice, and the Fame Of what has been, the Hope of what will be? O Liberty! if such could be thy name Wert thou disjoined from these, or they from thee: If thine or theirs were treasures to be bought By blood or tears, have not the wise and **** Wept tears, and blood like tears?—The solemn harmony 19. Paused, and the Spirit of that mighty singing To its abyss was suddenly withdrawn; Then, as a wild swan, when sublimely winging Its path athwart the thunder-**oke of dawn, Sinks headlong through the aereal golden light On the heavy-sounding plain, When the bolt has pierced its brain; As summer clouds dissolve, unburthened of their rain; As a far taper fades with fading night, As a brief insect dies with dying day, My song, its pini*** disarrayed of might, Drooped; o’er it closed the echoes far away Of the great voice which did its flight sustain, As waves which lately paved his watery way Hiss round a drowner’s head in their tempestuous play.

为什么现在俄罗斯联邦采用的是沙皇俄国时期的国旗国徽国歌

国旗　　俄罗斯联邦的国旗采用传统的泛斯拉夫色，旗面由三个平行且相等的横长方形组成，由上到下依次是白、蓝、红三色。 　　旗帜中的白色代表寒带一年四季的白雪茫茫，蓝色代表亚寒带，又象征俄罗斯丰富的地下矿藏和森林、水力等自然资源，红色是温带的标志，也象征俄罗斯历史的悠久和对人类文明的贡献。三色的排列显示了俄罗斯幅员的辽阔。但另一方面，白色又是真理的象征，蓝色代表了纯洁与忠诚，红色则是美好和勇敢的标志。 　　1699年彼得大帝到荷兰学习造船术时，他意识到需要为俄国的海军设计一面军旗。他因此效仿荷兰的三色国旗设计，但颜色是另选的（当时的荷兰国旗是橙-白-蓝三色）。彼得大帝当时选择的颜色是红、白、蓝三色，也就是后来的泛斯拉夫色。 　　1883年5月7日这面旗帜正式成为俄国国旗，1917年十月革命后三色旗被取消。1991年8月21日这面旗帜再次被采用，成为独立的俄罗斯联邦的国旗。国徽　　为盾徽。1993年11月30日，俄决定采用十月革命前伊凡雷帝时代的、以双头鹰为图案的国徽：红色盾面上有一只金色的双头鹰，鹰头上是彼得大帝的三顶皇冠，鹰爪抓着象征皇权的权杖和金球。鹰胸前是一个小盾形，上面是一名骑士和一匹白马。双头鹰由来可追溯到公元15世纪。双头鹰原是拜占庭帝国皇帝君士坦丁一世的徽记。拜占庭帝国曾横跨欧亚两个大陆，它一头望着西方，另一头望着东方，象征着两块大陆间的统一以及各民族的联合。1453年，曾辉煌一时的拜占庭帝国被奥斯曼土耳其帝国灭亡，拜占庭皇帝君士坦丁十一世英勇战死。他的两个弟弟，一个臣服于奥斯曼帝国，另一个带着两个儿子和女儿索菲亚·帕列奥洛格逃到罗马。后来，这两儿一女在其父死后被罗马教皇抚养成人。当时的罗马政治家们为了借助俄罗斯的军事力量抵御土耳其人，便用联姻的方式将索菲亚许配给了莫斯科大公伊凡三世。索菲娅由此佩戴着拜占庭帝国威严的双头鹰徽记来到了俄罗斯。索菲娅协助夫君伊凡三世把俄罗斯的土地基本上联合到一起，形成了一个疆域辽阔的统一的国家。1497年，双头鹰作为国家徽记首次出现在俄罗斯的国玺上，直至1918年。1993年11月30日，这只象征俄罗斯国家团结和统一的双头鹰又“飞”回到俄罗斯的国徽上。二十世纪末，国家杜马从法律上确定了双头鹰是俄罗斯的国家象征。国歌　《俄罗斯人的祈祷》（1815年） 《工人马赛曲》（1917年） 　　《国际歌》（1918年-1944年） 　　《牢不可破的联盟》（1944年-1991年） 　　《爱国歌》（1991年-2000年） 　　《俄罗斯，我们神圣的祖国》（Гимн России）（Hymn of the Russian Federation）（2000年12月25日至今）。